tdarrall

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 * Lab Submission #1**

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=========================== Jonathan Ives is a gifted and creatively innovative design technologist who has proven to be a great addition to the Apple Inc. team. What I find interesting about Jonathan Ives is that like the average person he started out as a consumer of a product, got to learn it and later envisioned potential new design principles for Apple that helped Apple become more of a marketable competitor in the technology market. Jonathan Ives emphasizes the simplicity of his user experience and his reluctance to consult a manual or other forms of documented instructions to make use of the technology. He states an importance of technology as being "accessible" and not "intimidating". From this Jonathan Ives uses this to conceptualize the designs based on key attributes such as design materials and the form that is connected to those materials right up to how consumers physically connect or interact with the product. Whether it be simply through the display as seen on the iphone or an input device such as an external keyboard, this sense of natural concept, or common sense base thinking is the essence of of his theory of "undesign". For Jonathan Ives conceptually the designs naturally draw the notion of being 'natural' and state 'why would it be any other way' and it was this base that fundamentally drove the Apple innovations inspired by Jonathan Ives.

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 * Lab Submission #2**

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The product that interests me the most is the Q-Drum. While it is a simple device it follows the principles of PACT and provides a wonderful convenience for the targeted consumers. The device takes into account the "People", specifically the physical differences that exist amongst those who may use it. It is designed to not require a lot of strength and not require an individual to be bigger in size either. It is designed to be used by individuals of all ages and the method of use is not limited to specific physical characteristics. In regards to "Activities" it allows for frequent and infrequent usage and the process for use is not complicated. In regards to Cooperation, Complexity and Context the use of the Q-Drum does not appear to threaten any contextual boundaries but does accommodate for outdoor use and heat conditions based on its intended consumer. The Q-Drum does appear to allow for some interdependence but is designed to operate just as well independently. Lastly the Q-Drum ultimately allows for use by a variety of individuals, usage in a few different settings and can be used to carry out a few different tasks thus categorizing the device as technology. Technology for the other 90%.

I am interested in researching more into the government category. I believe that government is always a deciding factor in regards to how quickly implementation and integration can occur. Government has a strong social influence as well authoritative power to approve and disapprove the introduction of new technology and this makes government an important factor when assessing and looking after the needs of the other 90% as well as the recognized 10%. When it comes to these needs responsiveness is crucial and the government is the soul governing body responsible for looking after these needs. Therefore more support from government would ultimately result in better recognition of those in need and more action taken on their part to address and assist.

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 * Lab Submission #3**

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JAN CHIPCHASE Jan Chipchase prior job was as a “user anthropologist “or human behavior researcher where he was responsible for studying human behavior. He fulfilled this role working for Nokia and his duties would involve collecting as much information about human behavior possible to report to Nokia for future use in developing future marketing strategies that are more inclusive of the needs and behaviors analyzed.

Jan Chipchase current role requires him to study human behavior and interaction with user interfaced technology to determine the ‘needs’ of the user with adds an extra element to his previous role working for Nokia. Jan Chipchase now focuses more towards studying means of integration of design principles that are more user-centered and account more for the needs of the users.

Jan Chipchase’s work with cellphones is a perfect example of design for the other 90%. Jan Chipchase aimed to provide information about methods of use of cell phones that would ultimately layout its usefulness for those who do not own one with the potential of them becoming owners of cellphones and repeat subscribers to cell phone services provided. HAMMOND – WORLD RESOURCE INSTITUTE

Cost/Affordability – Owning a cellphone in 3rd world countries has become more affordable as reverse engineering has allowed for thorough understanding of components involved in the functioning of the cellphone which allows for re-manufacturing and re-furbishing of parts and entire phones at fractions of cost. Materials can also be substituted as means of replacing more expensive materials used in original assembly of cell phones. Services are also rounded more towards the user’s needs which, eliminates excess costs.

Usages – The usage of cell phones comes typically comes with some education as the operation and is fairly simple to pick up on. The user does not have to invest too much time learning complex functions but rather simple steps for everyday uses and functions. Cell phone also provides various features for different uses and accommodates more of a user’s needs on a day to day basis and stores it in one device with easy access.

Communication – The use of a cellphone provides a means of communication among correspondents that is synchronous and live. It provides for instantaneous bridging of information sharing and in an efficient manner. It creates the possibility of live feedback with a good reduction on possible delay times between responses from sender to receiver and vice versa.

Business and Development – Cell phones have created a large market that has expanded globally with next to no barriers. Cell phones provide mobility which is cost efficient for businesses as it removes proximity and space constraints as well as an added method of communication from such other methods as emails, courier mail and face-to-face communication. Cell phones while providing border-less communication help generate sub-markets such as phone hardware and accessories, phone design, phone software design right up to phone services which all are inclusive of the other 90% as well as the accounted 10%. These markets generate a large amount of revenue annually and help with the fluctuation of the economy.

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 * Lab Submission #4**

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**Extraction-**
This is the initial stage of the materials economy where primary resources and materials are extracted from a primary source and are used to produce manufactured goods. This process however disrupts the natural balance of the ecosystem as the primary sources suffer damage and are not easily renewable making the resources limited.

Production-
This is the next stage in the materials economy where the primary resources are fused in a production process or the development process of a product. This process involves manpower in the form of manual labor, equipment and production space in the forms of factories and production plants. The production process typically involves the production of toxic matierials and dispensed as waste into the environment and also finds its way into the goods that are produced which humans come in contact with through product consumption.

Distribution-
This is the stage that follows the production process. Distribution is used to answer the demand of the economy by distributed the final product developed in the production process into the market for consumption by the consumers. As means to keep costs low and profits high production and distribution incorporate means of acquiring cheap labor to reduce costs and distribute products with planned obsolescence to drive the demand up increasing the amount of sales in the process.

Consumption-
This is the next stage in the materials economy that involves the consumption of produced goods by the consumer. In effect the consumer is consuming the toxics produced in the production stage when consuming the goods produced and pay less attention to potential health risks but rather are more focused on acquiring and consuming. The habit of consuming more than what is needed has become common and in turn is systematically reducing the availability of primary resources as it is constantly being exploited and over-utilized to keep up with the continuously growing market demand. This is ongoing and detrimental to the ecosystem. While consumption can never be completely abolished, reducing the amount consumed would be an ideal solution to helping maintain the remainder of the resources.

Disposal-
This is the stage that involves the disposition of materials goods after they become obsolete either through perception, planned or through expectancy. The effect of a rising demand for produced goods results in a larger amount of product disposal which requires disposal space and waste harboring until a method of disposition can be determined. Through the development of more products that are reusable and recyclable in the production and distribution stages, the waste amount can be limited and extraction of primary resources can be significantly reduced.

Sustainablity – Another way
This is the paradigm of thought that is geared towards working towards a more green solution to reducing waste, reducing extraction, developing methods of cleaner production, finding means of more equitable distribution and narrowing consumption down to and equitable amount for reasonable consumption. The idea of more renewable energy sources, zero waste system, closed loop production and local economies are all proposed solutions for sustainability in the materials economy.

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 * Lab Submission #5**

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=========================== Body Storming is a design thinking innovation that creatively collects and represents ideas in a physical manner through the use improvisation-like mannerisms. Body Storming is a method used to create a physical experience based upon parameters of case scenarios for the purpose of key analysis of testing important influencing factors of interaction in an environment.

Body Storming consists of an end result and physical experimenting used to achieve the end result. An example of Body Storming would be having an individual or a group of individuals determine a method of facilitation for an elderly person with visual impairment to locate a pill bottle containing medication they must take at scheduled intervals. The “brain storming process” for that case scenario would involve the participants re-creating the physical experience of having a visual impairment by blindfolding themselves with materials that have very little opacity. The purpose of re-creating the physical experience allows for the participants to test interaction with the environment more adequately by simulating the case scenario and attempting achievement of the end result.

Body Storming does derive from the exercise of brainstorming but where they differ is that for brainstorming it strictly consists of mental analysis and mentally visualizing aspects of the case scenario where as Body Storming involves mental and physical analysis and combines mental depictions of the case scenario with the physical interaction with the environment based upon the mental depictions in order to simulate the case scenario.

Group Portion - Pill Bottle case scenario


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**Lab Submission #6**


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Echolocation

Echolocation is design strategy designed by a company in England called Sound Foresight. This design strategy targets auditory sensory function as well as spatial awareness to develop a solution for individuals with visual impairments to be able to travel in an environment with fewer difficulties. Sound Foresight developed the Ultracane which imitates a bat’s sonar through the use of technology built into the cane that detects the proximity of close objects and responds by delivering a tactile signal through the handle which would be felt by the individual holding the cane. This allows for an individual with a visual impairment to be warned of close objects and to be able to make navigational accommodation changes en route to their destination. This technology simulates the natural ability of a bat to use sound to determine the proximity of objects in their environment in order to navigate in a space.

Self-Cleaning Paint

A company called Sto in Germany developed paint with a chemical composition that imitated the function of the surface structure of Lotus leaves. Lotus leaves are designed are naturally designed at a microscopic level to repel water which in effect causes the any rain water that touches the surface to wash away dirt in the process. Following this principle Sto was able to develop a line of paints that imitate this function where the paints are able to clean themselves by repelling dirt. This ultimately reduces the use of toxins in paints for cleaning and makes them more environmentally friendly.

Toxin-Free Glue

Columbia Forest Products in the US developed an ultra-strong adhesive that contains no toxins compared to standard glue. Using various forms of wooded furniture the glue developed was able to provide strong adhesion and hold. The glue developed imitated the natural adhesive substance that mussels secrete underwater to be able to hold firm to the surfaces underwater. The refrain from using toxins helps reduce the environmental waste and reduce the exposure of organisms to toxins.


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**Lab Submission #7**


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Design as a collaborative process is defined as a joint design process that involves two or more designers of different backgrounds that work together collaboratively for a common design goal. The diversity among the designers allows for relationship building and for a growing accumulation of diverse ideas. This design process involves three fundamental principles that help better shape the design process. It includes changes in practice and design to accommodate links between matter and how people think, collaboration with the target audience (users) for the design to address and accommodate all surrounding factors tied directly to the target audience in regards to the user research for the design and lastly the change in context of the design to accommodate social and global factors tied to the design.

One example of this design process mentioned was the American Red Cross which involved designing using past donors who were average people in efforts to create a wholesome and everyday feel to help encourage the average person that you don’t have to be special to be able to donate.

Another example of this design process mentioned was the participatory design example which consisted of medical surgeons working with creators to assess all concerns with medical equipment being used. Through this collaboration the creators were able to experience exactly what the needs were of the medical surgeons and what was required from the equipment they used.

___ =Wikipedia.org﻿﻿= ___

Wikipedia is an online collaborative community that provides succinct information that is contributed from users and filtered down to substantiated and proven information on a variety of topics. Topics are created and users willingly contribute all information on that topic and review each other’s contribution to eventually generate a resourceful entry of information that can be justified as proven to be as correct as possible.

Wikipedia is designed like a typical website but resembles a dictionary as it holds a large database of searchable topic entries, sources and media. Users can create topic entries, modify entries, cite sources, contribute media tied to topic entries and users can also search for topic entries. Wikipedia is also offered in various other languages. The contribution from users exemplifies the participatory design principle of Moggridge where the audience has to feel part of the design process and the design and creates instances of collaboration of individuals of different backgrounds.

Wikipedia also takes into account the inclusion of users in the research process which comes from the Wikipedia reviewing team who work with the contributions of the users to adequately filter down topic entries to the most verifiable and proven sources of information.


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**Lab Submission #8**


====================== ====== = Natalie Jeremijenko – NewTechnolgies and Social Transformation =

Natalie Jeremijenko has based her research on the design development of new forms of technology that focus on the effects of human health through the factors that influence and change environmental health. Natalie emphasizes that human health is not solely compromised of human physiological and physical attributes but also influenced by the surrounding environment and habitat in which species occupy in general. Natalie believes that small changes in the environment and habitat can help produce a significant impact on human well-being and ultimately help contribute to social transformation for the better.

Natalie provided the example of water quality. Natalie indicated that tadpoles are sensitive to various pollutants that exist and due to their sensitivity they react accordingly when exposed to these pollutants. When tadpoles are exposed to the same drinking water consumed by humans, their reactions can help predict the effects it will have on humans who consume the tested drinking water.

HOWSTUFFISMADE

Palomar Mountain Spring Water

Palomar Mountain Spring Water is company uses a process that involves collecting natural precipitation in all forms (water, rain, sleet, snow,etc.) in an underground reservoir that is only harvested from the center to reduce exposure to natural contaminants found in the ground. A harvesting pump then siphons only needed rations of collected water into large storage tanks where it is later retrieved for bottling and distribution.

Wine Bottle
Wine bottles are made in a manufacturing plant along a blow-molding assembly line. Molten glass tubes are cut into segments that are the length of the actual wine bottle and then are blow molded by machine where the glass in leaked into mold cavity to receive bottle shape. The bottles then have their temperatures tested and left for cooling before going into to storage.

= = = = =It is important we understand how things are made as part of our system analysis and design process because it helps provide a thorough understanding of each contributing element of a design as to what it does, how it functions and why it is necessary or not necessary to be included. This information helps create the ability for analysis of what elements are needed, what elements are not needed and what elements could be improved upon to maximize the potential as much as possible. This information helps reduce wasted resources, maximize needed resources and helps create more of an appreciation for the resources on a whole.needed resources and helps create more of an appreciation for the resources on a whole. =

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**Lab Submission #9**

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Service design is a process that involves laying out an entire system based on the experience generated from the service. Service design focuses on the both the consumer and producer rather than just one in order to ensure that the needs are both satisfied efficiently.

Service design uses a series of tools to develop the consumer and producer experience process which include ethnography user context or studies & personas, customer journey maps, service blueprinting, ideation, creation, context-mapping & participatory design and service prototyping. Ethnography user context or studies & personas tool helps identify background and context information relevant to the user and the services. Customer journey maps monitor and illustrate a user’s experience with a service over a period of time which illustrates changes and consistencies in regards to the experience. Service blueprinting provides the quantitative analysis and documentation of the services experienced by users which help detail the interaction with the service and overall experience. Ideation, creation, context-mapping & participatory design is used to provide visual experience with a service to help determine expectations and improvements in the system. Service prototyping incorporates interaction and simulated experiences through the use of case scenarios to help better identify and treat potential factors not conceptualized in the ideation, creation, context-mapping & participatory design.

From my personal experience a scenario where these tools would be useful would be with the public transportation system. To be more specific the designing in regards to buses interior cabin to accommodate a variety of passengers and cargo while eliminating cluttering and safety concerns.

Ethnography user context or studies & personas would have helped develop a better scope of ridership and noticed that some more room and storage would have helped citizens who travel with infants travel more easily and not obstruct and endanger other riders. Customer journey maps would help monitor the overall experience of such riders who travel with infants over a periods of time and trace the difficulty of the routes from destination to destination. Ideation, creation, context-mapping & participatory design would help provide a visual depiction of the interior cabin and design flaws that limit the space to its current limit which would ultimately help target points of importance in re-designing. Service prototyping would help raise all concerning aspects and untreated aspects of cabin room and accommodation limitations which would layout points of reference for re-design.

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 ====== **Lab Submission #10**

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<span style="font-size: 1em; font-weight: normal; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 5px;">============================ ======

<span style="font-size: 1em; font-weight: normal; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 5px;"> Ergonomics is the field of science and design that examines the development of design measures to improve safety, stability and comfort for an individual in their working environment and to improve interaction in an environment.

Ergonomics examines inefficient and unsafe elements in an environment with a purpose of treating those elements to improve the comfort and overall health of an individual when interacting with an environment. In a typical office space for example an individual would be confined to a desk with an office chair, computer and various others supplies necessary in order to perform their work tasks. Ergonomics would examine such things as the office chair to make sure it accommodates the comfort and safety needs of an individual by treating such things as height of chair, motion of chair, lighting in the office space, etc.

Ergonomics is beneficial for prolonging overall health and helps individuals become less adamant about interacting with their work environments. Without ergonomics the standard workforce would see increases in reports of work related injuries which could affect the population and the economy on a whole.

Gilbreth ‘system of motion analysis’ is fundamental process of analysis that examines all levels of completing a task in order to re-organize and develop a more efficient mean to complete that task. This type of analysis was used to examine the task of brick laying and examine how to perform the task more efficiently by doing such things as eliminating steps that were not useful such as the bricklayer bending over to pick up every brick. Gilbreth pointed out that it would be more efficient to have the brick brought to the bricklayer instead of the bricklayer bending over to reach them. This was more efficient and more ergonomically friendly as it reduced fatigue and physical strain for workers and improved productivity.

Frederick Taylor was an efficiency analyst and expert who influenced Henry Ford and helped inspire a revolutionary efficient mean of improving productivity in the industrial industry. Frederick Taylor examined the work flow of Henry Ford’s employee on the Ford plant to develop metrics capable of documenting the processes completed in order to produce 1 unit. Frederick Taylor was able to develop a good analysis of the tasks completed by the workers and was able provide efficient improvements which helped Ford introduce the concept of assembly line work as well dividing a process into categories of essential steps.

<span style="color: black; font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; line-height: 115%;">The four basic principles of McDonalidization- <span style="color: black; font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; line-height: 115%;"> - **Efficiency**: fastest and highest quality output with lowest costs <span style="color: black; font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; line-height: 115%;"> - **Calculabilit**y: providing the capability of various metrics for measuring <span style="color: black; font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; line-height: 115%;"> - **Predictability**: a consistent base and structure to ensure uniformity <span style="color: black; font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; line-height: 115%;"> - **Control**: providing a tight balance and limitation to better shape and monitor