Karim,+Naveen

Review the Tutorial 1 movies, and describe Jonathan Ives and his theory of 'undesign' in relation to his work at Macintosh.
 * Tutorial #1 Question: **

Answer Jonathan Ive is currently working at Apple as the Senior Vice President of Industrial Design since 1996 and some of his most innovative creations are iPod, iPad and iMac.

Jonathan Ive explains the theory of "undesign" as a way for users to think that the product is meant to be the way it is. Meaning that the products are created in such natural ways that the users think that it is intended to appear and function the way it does naturally. The products are designed in such ways that allow users to use the products without thinking much about the actual design. The designs eliminate any unnecessary parts and are generally simple and user friendly. An example of I“undersign” is indicator light on the power book which is seen when it is necessary to be seen, otherwise, it is invisible. Another example, is the iMac where the computer’s connector between the screen and the drive inspired by a sunflower. ave.

Choose a country on the map 'Design for the Other 90%' at [|**http://other90.cooperhewitt.org/**]and read through the description of the products designed for each country. 1. Which product interests you the most, and why? (200 words) 2. Which category would interest you to research further for your group project, and why? (100 words)
 * Tutorial #2 Question: **

Answer 1. ‘MoneyMaker Hip Pump’ is the product that interests me the most. It is mainly used by farmers for farming purposes. This product increases efficiency and has the ability to extract water from the ground with ease. Farmers use this product to increase their income for the families which helps them live better. Since the pump is not extremely heavy the farmers can easily use the pump without harming their body. At the same time they have access to clean water which is used for drinking as well as other things such as bathing and cleaning. The “Moneymaker Hip Pump” increases the overall standard of living for people. It is mostly beneficial to poor families that does not have access to clean drinking water or has to travel long distances in order to get clean drinking water.

2. The category that interests me the most and that I would like to do further research would be the government. Everyday thousands of poor people are dying because of the lack of equal access to things. Poor people do not have access to proper food, water or health care hence, they eventually die. I am interested in finding out how and what the government would or can do to provide a stable and control standard of living to people that has no access to things such as healthy food or water that the rich people have.

Part 1: As part of 'Experience Prototyping', bodystorming has been developed as a method of enquiry for interactive design. Research the definition of 'bodystorming', and write three paragraphs describing its characteristics. (3 paragraphs)
 * Tutorial # 5 Question: **

<span style="font-family: Verdana,Geneva,sans-serif; font-size: 12px;">Answer <span style="font-family: Verdana,Geneva,sans-serif; font-size: 12px;">Bodystorming is known as experience prototyping. It is a technique or method used in design to literally experience a situation and develop new ideas through it. Bodystorming requires both thinking and doing. Thus, it is a technique that demonstrates ideas through physical representations.

<span style="font-family: Verdana,Geneva,sans-serif; font-size: 12px;">Brainstorming helps designers to understand problems and create a prototype to serve customers more efficiently and effectively especially people with disability. It helps the designer to be in the situation so that they experience what a person with disability would go through and design accordingly. Bodystorming provides better solutions or ideas to problems that the product might encounter. Hence, it is basically a method that a method that addresses possible problems, ideas and designs that people are interested in.

<span style="font-family: Verdana,Geneva,sans-serif; font-size: 12px;">There are three steps to the brainstorming method. In the first step the designer or designers indentify the problems and develop ideas or solutions to it. This is done by observing real settings or environments and notices the issues. The second step is to actually try out as a consumer or user of the product to experience the situation. Doing so the designers notice more problems with the original design. The third step is to observe real life people to interact with the design implemented. This provides more accurate information about the design.

<span style="font-family: Verdana,Geneva,sans-serif; font-size: 12px;">Part 2: (Group) <span style="font-family: Verdana,Geneva,sans-serif; font-size: 12px;">By Wafa Choudhury and Naveen Karim <span style="font-family: Verdana,Geneva,sans-serif; font-size: 12px;">http://wafa-c.wikispaces.com/Week+5

<span style="font-family: Verdana,Geneva,sans-serif; font-size: 12px;">Look over examples of her biomimetic principles applied to products in the slideshow located at[] and write a short, one paragraph synopsis for each of your three favourite product designs. Describe why you like the design in your responses.
 * <span style="font-family: Verdana,Geneva,sans-serif; font-size: 12px;">Tutorial # 6 Question: **

<span style="font-family: Verdana,Geneva,sans-serif; font-size: 12px;">Echolocation <span style="font-family: Verdana,Geneva,sans-serif; font-size: 12px;">I personally think the echolocation is the most efficient design of all. It is very useful because technology has created a design that allows a cane to send sound waves when it senses and detects objects, people, and street signs ahead so that the person holding the cane is aware of the objects. It provides tactile warning of an obstacle and location through the cane's handle. This particular design is very useful for people that are visually impaired as it provides greater safety for them.

<span style="font-family: Verdana,Geneva,sans-serif; font-size: 12px;">Antibacterial Film <span style="font-family: Verdana,Geneva,sans-serif; font-size: 12px;">I also like the antibacterial film. It was made from seaweed components that prevented bacteria from forming and spreading. This film can be used on contact lenses to prevent it from bacteria and avoid infection. Thus, this is very useful for people that wear contact lenses or does not want to wear glasses. This design in a way is working towards improving the healthcare as it is very useful in hospitals for curing infections. Soon this film can be used in other things such as surgeries to prevent bacteria and treat possible infections.

<span style="font-family: Verdana,Geneva,sans-serif; font-size: 12px;">Self - cleaning Paint <span style="font-family: Verdana,Geneva,sans-serif; font-size: 12px;">I also found the self - cleaning paint to be fascinating. The design is inspired by lotus leaves. So, the rain water washes away the dirt as the self - cleaning paint is water resistant. It is good for home owners since they do not have to spend so much money to clean their home exteriors. Thus, home owner will save money if they apply this self- cleaning paint in their home exteriors as it washes away dirt itself. I also like this design because it creates efficiency as it is a nontoxic paint solution, so does not harm the environment.

<span style="font-family: Verdana,Geneva,sans-serif; font-size: 12px;">1. Describe how he defines 'design as a collaborative process', and cite two examples of how creators involve the people they want to create for in their work, according to Bill Moggridge's lecture. (1-paragraph each/3 paragraphs)
 * <span style="font-family: Verdana,Geneva,sans-serif; font-size: 12px;">Tutorial # 7 Questions: **

<span style="font-family: Verdana,Geneva,sans-serif; font-size: 12px;">According to Bill Moggridge, to make “design as a collaborative process” individuals from different career backgrounds such as a web designer, an industrial designer and a mechanical engineer are required to form a collaborative group in order to handle difficult problems. Collaborative design group needs individuals from different backgrounds which helps the design process have different point of views and diverse ideas of the different designers.

<span style="font-family: Verdana,Geneva,sans-serif; font-size: 12px;">Bill Moggridge uses American Red Cross as an example of collaborative design. Their design does not frighten people when donating blood, infact it encourages them to donate more blood. Moreover it also gives a chance to the donor to express their feeling each time they donate blood, why they donate blood and. Furthermore, this encourages others to read and consider donating blood themselves.

<span style="font-family: Verdana,Geneva,sans-serif; font-size: 12px;">Another example is the cubical example. When designing the cubical work place, the main idea was what the cubical would be used for in real life. Keeping in mind that the particular design should be useful for everyday activities and not just for work. Thus, they designed the cubical in a way so that people feel comfortable and feel like they are home while working. Things like the mini fish tank and the mini punching bag built in the cubicals for employees to release stress made the cubical more comfortable and relaxing. Therefore, the employees felt comfortable at work and their productivity increased drastically.

<span style="font-family: Verdana,Geneva,sans-serif; font-size: 12px;">2. Find an online example of a product, which utilizes his principles of collaborative design which it, involves people in it design. Cite its URL, and describe its design process in two paragraphs, and how it involved its user(s) in a paragraph. (3 paragraphs)

<span style="font-family: Verdana,Geneva,sans-serif; font-size: 12px;">http://www.wikispaces.com/

<span style="font-family: Verdana,Geneva,sans-serif; font-size: 12px;">An online example that uses the principle of collaborative design would be Wikispaces. Wikispaces is a place you can create a wiki, which is an easy to use collaborative website because it has collective information about everything and from everyone. It is about shared knowledge and is easily accessible.

<span style="font-family: Verdana,Geneva,sans-serif; font-size: 12px;">It is a website that can be easily used by all ages and can be edited by everyone. People can use Wikispaces for work, education or even personal reasons. It uses the principle of participatory design as it helps in collaboration of other ideas. Individuals are allowed to edit their work, add new ideas to someone else’s thoughts. They can even add pictures, documents, videos and others.

<span style="font-family: Verdana,Geneva,sans-serif; font-size: 12px;">Therefore, Wikispaces is a collaborative website which is developed by internet users and anyone can be a member of it.

<span style="font-family: Verdana,Geneva,sans-serif; font-size: 12px;">Describe how Natalie Jeremijenko has based her research on "new technologies are an opportunity for social transformation" to perform "small actions that can amount to a significant effect to improve local environmental health". <span style="font-family: Verdana,Geneva,sans-serif; font-size: 12px;">Tip: Opening up TED's interactive transcript is very helpful to understand her talk and also looking over her web site on the Environmental Health at Clinic at []. (2 paragraphs)
 * <span style="font-family: Verdana,Geneva,sans-serif; font-size: 12px;">Tutorial # 8: **

<span style="font-family: Verdana,Geneva,sans-serif; font-size: 12px;"> <span style="font-family: Verdana,Geneva,sans-serif; font-size: 12px;">Natalie Jeremijenko’s explains the issue that are not caused due to aging but by the ever-changing environment. According to her there are many things that can be done or things that can be eliminated in order to create a better environment. She is the director of the Environmental health clinic at NYC where she conducted her research on “new technologies are an opportunity for social transformation”, to measure the effects of local public environment experiments. The experiments were done by using new technologies to provide shock value which then creates social transformation.

<span style="font-family: Verdana,Geneva,sans-serif; font-size: 12px;">Natalie was able to provide solutions that the issues in New York City and the world as a whole through the use of small technologies such as the micro-landscape. She said that the reason of the high pollution rate in New York City is due to the networks of roads which funnel pollutants into the sewage system. Thus, she designed micro landscapes that infiltrated the pollutants. This helped in both improving the environment as well as the reducing the health risks of the people.

<span style="font-family: Verdana,Geneva,sans-serif; font-size: 12px;">Choose two projects on HowStuffisMade at [] and write about how they are made. (1 paragraph each/2 paragraphs)

<span style="font-family: Verdana,Geneva,sans-serif; font-size: 12px;">Gelato

<span style="font-family: Verdana,Geneva,sans-serif; font-size: 12px;">Gelato is an unique type of ice cream because they are made from fresh fruits or products and do not have any artificial products added to it. The ingredients for the gelato are prepared before the gelato is made. Each ingredient requires its own preparation. Once the preparation is done, the dairy base is poured into the freezer with other ingredients for 15 to 20 minutes. Once it is it is well mixed and smoothened enough, it poured into different containers by flavours for shipping.

<span style="font-family: Verdana,Geneva,sans-serif; font-size: 12px;">Fortune Cookies <span style="font-family: Verdana,Geneva,sans-serif; font-size: 12px;">Ingredients in a fortune cookie include sugar, flour, eggs and water. It is made in a machine that squeeze out the batter for the cookie automatically, which then goes into the griddle that bakes the cookies at 375 degrees. The written fortunes are put into a tray where a machine places them in the cookie and folds the cookie. Once the cookies are cooled down, they are inspected by individuals to make sure that the cookies are not defective and are good quality. Then the cookies are put back into the conveyor belt where they are wrapped with plastic packages. After the packing they are delivered to different restaurants.

<span style="font-family: Verdana,Geneva,sans-serif; font-size: 12px;">Why is it important that we understand how stuff is made as part of our systems analysis and design process? (1 paragraph)

<span style="font-family: Verdana,Geneva,sans-serif; font-size: 12px;">It is important to know how stuff is made in order to improve our design process. Thus to change or improve a design we need to know how and where it the design came from and make sure that the change is achievable. It is important for consumers to know how the products are made that they consume and use in their everyday lives. For companies, it is easier for them to sell their products to their consumers who know about their production process. Most importantly, I think knowing about the production process helps people appreciate the labour that is put in to work.

__**<span style="font-family: Verdana,Geneva,sans-serif; font-size: 12px;">Tutorial 9: **__

<span style="font-family: Verdana,Geneva,sans-serif; font-size: 12px;">According to the slideshow by Sylvain Cottong, who is an employee at [|http://www.integratedplace.com], describe the tools and methods of 'service design' (2 paragraphs).

<span style="font-family: Verdana,Geneva,sans-serif; font-size: 12px;"> Sylvain Cottong defines service design as the combination of methods of the product design and interaction design in order to produce a design for the product and the interface experience. It focuses on customer practice and the service quality. The design is intended to make the products more useful and desirable to the users as it improves the design by making it more efficient and effective.

<span style="font-family: Verdana,Geneva,sans-serif; font-size: 12px;">The tools and methods of service design are ethnography, customer journey map, service blueprinting and ideation. Ethnography is the method that uses research-based tools to develop the product such as experiments carried out in the real-world settings to identify, discover and understand the user experience. Customer Journey Map is the method that provides comprehensive understanding of how the customer perceives and experiences the services interface along the time axis. Service Blueprinting is the method that provides statistical or quantitative description of critical service elements such as time, logical sequence of actions and processes. It also provides detailed information about both actions and events at the time and place of events that may be used for the delivery of services. Ideation is the method that the designers make arrangements for users to participate in the designing of the product. It helps the designers to understand their needs and expectations of the users. Lastly, service Prototyping is a tool that helps the designers develop a scenario that to experience like the users and understand the user interaction with the product

<span style="font-family: Verdana,Geneva,sans-serif; font-size: 12px;"> From your personal experience, what would be a scenario in which these methods would be useful? (2 paragraphs)

<span style="font-family: Verdana,Geneva,sans-serif; font-size: 12px;"> These methods would be useful for a lot of the cell phones companies. They need to use these in order to find out users needs and wants since every user have different expectations for their cell phones. Thus, in order to produce the more appropriate cell phone for each for the users it is crucial for the designers to collect and understand the user’s view for the design.

<span style="font-family: Verdana,Geneva,sans-serif; font-size: 12px;"> Cell phone companies can be successful in using these methods and convincing people to buy their products. They can advertise their product to their customers according to their customer’s desires.

__**<span style="font-family: Verdana,Geneva,sans-serif; font-size: 12px;">Tutorial 10: **__

<span style="font-family: Verdana,Geneva,sans-serif; font-size: 12px;">Write three paragraphs to define the term 'ergonomics'. (3 paragraphs) <span style="font-family: Verdana,Geneva,sans-serif; font-size: 12px;"> <span style="font-family: Verdana,Geneva,sans-serif; font-size: 12px;">Ergonomics is the science of work. Ergonomics is used to study work, how work is done and how to work better. Ergonomics is commonly thought of in terms of products. But it can be equally useful in the design of services or processes. <span style="font-family: Verdana,Geneva,sans-serif; font-size: 12px;">It is the attempt to make work better that ergonomics becomes so useful. And that is also where making things comfortable and efficient comes into play. <span style="font-family: Verdana,Geneva,sans-serif; font-size: 12px;">It is used in design in many complex ways. However, the user, is most concerned with how the product or service will meet their needs, and if it good for them. Ergonomics helps define how it is used, how it meets you needs, and most importantly if you like it. It makes things comfy and efficient. <span style="font-family: Verdana,Geneva,sans-serif; font-size: 12px;"> <span style="font-family: Verdana,Geneva,sans-serif; font-size: 12px;">What is the 'Gilbreth system of motion analysis' (1 paragraph) <span style="font-family: Verdana,Geneva,sans-serif; font-size: 12px;"> <span style="font-family: Verdana,Geneva,sans-serif; font-size: 12px;">Gilbreth's system of motion analysis is a method of eliminating unnecessary harmful movement in accomplishing various tasks. He studied the body movements involved in brick laying. He observed that the bricklayers bend over to pick up the bricks, smear the cement, place the brick and repeat the process over again. He thought that the brick layers were bending very low down to pick up bricks and according to him it was useless. He thought that if the bricks were placed at a height that did not require bending it would improve efficiency. <span style="font-family: Verdana,Geneva,sans-serif; font-size: 12px;"> How was Henry Ford influenced by the efficiency expert, Frederick Taylor? (2 paragraphs) <span style="font-family: Verdana,Geneva,sans-serif; font-size: 12px;"> <span style="font-family: Verdana,Geneva,sans-serif; font-size: 12px;">Henry Ford, wanted to produce more cars at a faster rate because they were becoming more in demand. He got Frederick Taylor to examine the situation. Taylor observed that the employees and made changes that increased the productivity at the automobile manufacturing plant. He introduced Taylorism which allowed production process to be faster, increased production and did not require skilled people.

Later Ford came up with the conveyer belt assembly line method. It helped the process speed up and workers had to work faster. Also the employees were constantly watched to ensure that they are doing their job properly. <span style="font-family: Verdana,Geneva,sans-serif; font-size: 12px;"> <span style="font-family: Verdana,Geneva,sans-serif; font-size: 12px;">What are the four basic principles of McDonaldization? (List of 4) <span style="font-family: Verdana,Geneva,sans-serif; font-size: 12px;"> 1.) Efficiency: best route to reach a goal

2.) Predictability: things are always the same

3.) Calculability: the focus on quantity rather than quality

4.) Non-human technology: focusing on technology and decreasing human skills <span style="font-family: Verdana,Geneva,sans-serif; font-size: 12px;">